Fiber Reinforced Composites
As a result of its light weight, high
strength, extreme durability, stability under UV exposure, and chemical resistance, FRP (fiber
reinforced polyester) has become established as a material of major importance in an
ever-increasing number of applications. FRP can be molded into an infinite number of forms
and surface finishes and is capable of meeting stringent design standards while at the
same time providing major cost benefits.
Fiber reinforced composites typically contain
one or more reinforcing fiber materials embedded in plastic resin. In many applications
core materials are used to increase the section modulus.
Fiber reinforcements contribute the bulk of
strength and stiffness to a composite. There are a number of such materials, including
glass fiber, carbon fiber, Aramid fiber, Kevlar® and others, all of which come in a
variety of different grades and types. The most widely used reinforcement in the FRP
composites industry is glass fiber.
Cores are used to enhance the rigidity and
strength of FRP composites. Cored products can have one smooth surface or both surfaces
smooth with the core sandwiched in. Typical coring materials are detailed below.
The bulk component of FRP laminates, the plastic
resin, serves two purposes: First, it holds the fiber reinforcements in place, and second,
under applied force, it deforms and distributes stress amongst these fibers.
The most common type of plastic resin is
unsaturated polyester. Other types of resin include epoxies, vinyl esters, phenolics, etc.
Below is a table detailing the characteristics
and limitations of the most common types of thermosetting resins.
BFG, over the last twenty-five years, have
developed a vast database of raw materials for the composites industry which is updated
automatically through BFG's interactive vendor communication procedures, continuous
in-house research & development programs and associations with leading international
suppliers, research organizations and universities working in the field of composites.
BFG's wealth of knowledge in the composites
field is infused into design concepts, the development of new products, and the
re-engineering of existing products. Our design and engineering capabilities enable
us to offer and advise our clients on the best solution to fulfill their particular
requirements. |
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| Common Glass
Fiber forms: |
| CHOPPED
STRAND MAT (CSM) Supplied in roll form. This is a mat of randomly chopped
strands held together by a light binder. It provides uniform strength in all directions. WOVEN ROVING (WR) Is
used in conjunction with chopped strand mat to provide bulk and directional strength to
FRP laminates. Glass fibers are arranged at right angles to each other or in other
positions so that their orientation provides balanced strength.
CONTINUOUS FILAMENT MAT
(CFM) Properties similar to CSM. Used for RTM and
VARI processes.
WOVEN GLASS CLOTH
Produced by conventional textile weaving methods in virtually any variation. Thinner
cloths make laminates of very high tensile strength and modulus.
GLASS FLAKES
Used in resin-based coatings to reduce the permeability of moisture, vapors and solvents. |
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Industry
Standard Core Types |
| BALSA
WOOD Scored balsa wood core gives excellent compressive strength and stiffness
in addition to good sound and heat insulation and positive flotation. PVC FOAM Excellent
elastic properties and resilience.
PU FOAM Economical
and light weight core for non-dynamic product applications.
HONEYCOMBS
Used for strong, lightweight structures. There are aluminum, Aramid and plastic
honeycombs.
NON-WOVEN CORE MATS
Provide stiffness improvement and weight reduction. |
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